Key points: HIV infection remains of major public health importance in Europe, with evidence of continuing transmission in Europe. Overall there is no clear indication of a decline in the number of cases being diagnosed each year and HIV continues to be concentrated in key populations at higher risk (e.g. people who inject drugs and their sexual partners; men who have sex with men, migrants). The number of diagnosed AIDS cases has continued to decline in the WHO European Region, except in the East, where the number increased.